非谓语动词

非谓语动词在英语中应用极广，在分析句式中就一定要清楚非谓语动词充当的角色，在写作文时也要会熟悉的运用，下面我们学大专家就为大家讲解一下非谓语动词的用法吧。

一、 不定式与动名词做主语

1. 动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般习惯的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。

例句：

Reading English is really a great fun.<这里不强调看一次，看两次……表示的是一般性的行为>

To read english this morning will take most of my time.<这里用不定式表示一次具体的行为>

2.形式主语it 的运用:

1).不定式做主语,谓语用单数。往往用it做形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。

例句：

To finish the job took us two hours.

It took us two hours to finish the job.

(注：在不定式做主语的被动语态句子中，必须用形式主语it.)

例句:it was decided to go for a picnic tomorrow.

2).It is+adj.of/for sb.to do sth.当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词构成系表结构时，用of,否则用for.

例句：

It’s very nice of you to help us.<此时，不定时的逻辑主语是you，adj.是nice,二者构成系表结构，即可以说you are nice.此时应该用of>

It’s impossible for us to defeat the boss.<此时就不能说 we are impossible.因此应该用 for >

3).用动名词做主语的句型：It is/was no good(use, useless, fun)+doing sth. It’s worth while doing

例句：

It’s no use cry over spilt milk.覆水难收

(it 用法远不止这几个后面会有补充)

3.成分对称：主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，应保持形式上一致。

例句：

To see is to believe.

Seeing is believing.眼见为实

4.There be no +ving

例句：

There is no parking around here.

No smoking,please.

练习题

It is hard_________ his mind.(to change )

It is fun__________ with a foreign man.(talking)

There is no ________what will happen.(telling)

I like_________ this novel this morning.(to read)

二：做表语

1.不定式做表语表具体个别的动作或有将来的含义。

例句：

My wish is to become a famous writer.

2、现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征,表主动(interesting, amusing, disappointing, puzzling, exciting等);进行时表示正在进行的动作。

例句：

i am teaching the child to swim when you passed by.

The story is amusing. (令人....的)

3. 过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。

例句：

The shop is closed.<表状态>

The door was closed by the wind.<表被动>

4. 注意如下动词的现在分词与过去分词用法不同：其实这些都是使役动词。

interest，surprise，frighten，excite，tire，please，puzzle，satisfy，amuse，disappoint，inspire，worry.

The book is interesting.

The news is surprising.

The story is fritenting.

He is fritented.

After hearing the exciting news, he gave a speech in an excited voice. 练习题

The problem is _____(puzzling)

The village is_______by mountains. (surrounded)

She is________ at the news.(surprised)

三：做宾语

1 只能用动名词做宾语的动词<口诀>

a考虑建议盼原谅…cosider suggest/advise look forward to doing excuse/parden

b承认推辞没得想…admit delay/put off fancy

c避免错过继续练…avoid miss keep/keep on practice

e否认完成就欣赏…deny finish enjoy/appreciate

f禁止想象才冒险…forbid imagine risk

g不禁介意准逃亡…can’t help mind allow/permit escape

此外：be used to/lead to /devote to /go back to /object to /get done to /pay attention to /can’t stand /give up /feel like /insist on /thank you for /apologize for /be busy (in)have difficulty 、trouble in//have a good/wonderful/hard time in //spend time in 等动词词组后面也加doing。

2.跟动名词或不定式做宾语，有区别的。

1).like,love,prefer后接动名词，表经常性的行为;接不定式，表具体的某次行为。如前有would/should，则后接不定式。但feel like 只接动名词做宾语。

例句：

I like swimming ,but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.

2).在allow, advise, forbid, permit后，如后有名词或代词做宾语，则用不定式做宾补。

即allow, advise, forbid, permit +doing sth. / sb.to do sth.

例句：

We don’t allow smoking in the hall.

We allow you to smoke here.

3).当need, require, want做“需要”讲时，其后必接 to be done(被动态)或ving(此时ving也表被动意义)，表事情需要被做。want/need/ require+动名词主动式 =want/need/require+不定式被动式

即need/want/require(需要)+to be done/doing/sb.to do sth

例句：

The window needs/want/requires to be cleaned/cleaning.

4).worth后必须接动名词主动形式表被动。

即be worth +名词/doing

be worthy to be done

be worthy of +名词/being done

例句：

The place is worth visiting.

The place is worthy to be visited

The place is worthy of + a visit/being visited.

5).在介词but, other than之后的不定式。如介词前有“do”,则不定式省略“to”,否则就带“to”.<前有do，后无to>

例句：

We could do nothing but/other than wait.

He had no choice but to wait.

另接不定式省略to的有：can’t choose but, can’t help but(只好), can’t but，had better, would rather.

Eg:He cannot choose but stay on.

You had better come here on time.

I would rather stay than otherwise.

6).当不定式做动词tell,show,understand,teach,discuss,wonder,find out,等词宾语时，前常带引导词how, what,whether， why，who等+to do,但why+不带to的不定式。

例句：

I don’t know what to do.

Can you tell me why do it?

练习题：

1. I can hardly imagine Peter _____ (sail) across the Atlantic.

2. I would appreciate your _____ (call) back this afternoon.

3. The discovery of the new evidence led to the thief ______(catch).

4. She didn’t remember ______(meet) him before.

5. We have always deeply regretted _____(sell) the house.

6. The dictionary can’t help ______(learn) the language.

四：做宾补

1..感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to,notice等和使役动词have后情况：

1).主动时，do原型表完成;现在分词doing表正在进行。

例句：

I heard her sing an English song just now.

I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room.

2)被动时,ved过去分词表完成或没有一定的时间性;being done表正在进行。

例句：

I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed by her room.

I want to have my hair cut.

2:使役动词let后，主动时，用动原do;被动时用be+过去分词。

例句：

Don’t let your child play with matches.

Let there be no mistake about it.

Let the work be done immediately.

3.leave 后接非谓语动词做宾补时，意为“使......处于某种状态”。

Leave sb. doing sth.(主动，正在进行)

Sth. Undone (被动或完成)

sb. to do sth./sth. to be done(不定式表示将来的动作)

It is wrong of you to leave the machine running.

The guests left most of the dishes untouched.

He left, leaving me to do all the rest work.

We hurried end our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled.

4. have, get后接宾补的三种形式：

1). Have sb. do sth.=get sb to do sth. 使/让/叫某人做某事

例句：

Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.

2),have sth. done = get sth. done 让某事由别人去做(叫/让某人做某事)

例句：

I will have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.

此外have sth. done有“使遭受...”之意。

例句：

Tom had his leg broken while playing football.

3).have sb./sth. doing 让某人持续的做某事 (主动，正在进行)

Get sb./sth doing 使某人/物开始行动起来

非谓语动词在英语中很重要，如果不能很好的理解非谓语动词在句中的意思，就很难正确的解释英语的意思。所以，大家一定要认真的将这些非谓语动词的用法掌握。